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When judging whether there are faults or hidden dangers in the CNC circular machine, we can follow the following clear and step-by-step methods:
### 1. Observing appearance and abnormal phenomena
** * Mechanical components * *: Check whether the mechanical components of the CNC circular machine have abnormal wear, fracture, deformation, etc. Pay special attention to the wear of key components such as the drag plate guide rail, screw ball, bearings, etc.
** * Electrical components * *: Check for signs of burning, blackening, deformation, and any damage, exposure, or looseness in the wiring.
** * Abnormal phenomenon * *: Pay attention to whether there are any abnormal sounds, vibrations, heating, odors, etc., which may be precursors to the malfunction.
### 2. Utilize self diagnostic function
** * Start diagnosis * *: CNC circular machines usually have a self diagnosis function, which will automatically execute a diagnostic program when the system starts to detect any hardware system faults.
*Online diagnosis: During the operation of the equipment, the CNC system’s built-in diagnostic program is used to monitor the real-time operation status of the CNC device, servo system, external I/O, and other external devices, and display relevant status information and faults.
### 3. Check process parameters and finished product quality
** * Process Parameters * *: Check if the process parameters of the CNC circular machine are stable, such as cutting speed, feed rate, spindle speed, etc. Abnormal changes in these parameters may be a manifestation of equipment failure.
** * Finished product quality * *: Observe whether the dimensions of the processed workpiece are accurate, whether the surface smoothness meets the standard, and whether there is any phenomenon of large or small taper. The instability of finished product quality is often related to equipment failures.
### 4. Check the electrical system and PLC status
*Electrical system: Use tools such as a multimeter and oscilloscope to check whether the voltage, current, resistance, and other parameters of the electrical system are normal, as well as whether the signal transmission is stable.
** * PLC Status * *: Check the status information of the PLC, use the PLC ladder diagram (i.e. program) developed by the machine tool manufacturer for a specific machine tool, and judge based on various logical states. If any problems are found, an alarm will be generated and displayed on the display screen.
### 5. Follow diagnostic principles
** * External before Internal * *: First check the external connections and electrical circuits of the equipment, and then thoroughly inspect the internal components of the equipment.
** * Mechanical first, electrical later * *: As mechanical failures are a common cause of CNC machine tool failures, priority should be given to inspecting mechanical components.
** * Static before dynamic * *: Conduct preliminary analysis while the equipment is in a shutdown state, and then power on for dynamic inspection.
** * Global first, then local * *: Check the overall status of the equipment first, and then thoroughly inspect local components.
** * Simple first, then complex * *: Prioritize solving simple and easy faults, and then gradually analyze complex faults.
### 6. Combining historical maintenance records and expert opinions
** * Historical Maintenance Records * *: View the equipment’s historical maintenance records to understand the types of faults and maintenance methods that have occurred in the past, providing reference for current fault diagnosis.
*Expert opinion: Consult with equipment manufacturers or professional maintenance personnel who may have more professional knowledge and experience to accurately diagnose faults or hidden dangers.
In summary, through the above steps and methods, we can comprehensively and systematically determine whether there are faults or hidden dangers in the CNC circular machine, and take corresponding measures to solve them.