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Determining the appropriate cutting speed is an important and meticulous task for punching and shearing machines when processing different materials, which requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors. The following are suggestions and steps on how to determine the appropriate cutting speed:
1. * * Analyze material properties * *:
-Material hardness: The higher the hardness of the material, the lower the cutting speed should be to reduce tool wear and maintain machining quality. For example, the hardness of steel is usually higher than that of aluminum, so the cutting speed should be correspondingly reduced.
-Material toughness: Materials with good toughness may generate more deformation and heat during cutting, so it may be necessary to reduce cutting speed.
2. * * Select tool material * *:
-Different tool materials have different requirements for cutting speed. Hard alloy cutting tools typically have higher cutting speeds and better wear resistance, while high-speed steel (HSS) cutting tools may have advantages in processing materials with better toughness.
3. * * Refer to the cutting speed table * *:
-Refer to the relevant cutting speed table based on the hardness of the selected tool material and workpiece material. These tables are typically provided by tool suppliers or manufacturers, listing recommended cutting speed ranges for different materials and tool combinations.
4. * * Determine the cutting speed range * *:
-Find the cutting speed range corresponding to specific workpiece and tool materials in the cutting speed table. For example, for machining steel with a hardness of HV350 using hard alloy cutting tools, the cutting speed range may be 40-80m/min.
5. * * Consider tool diameter * *:
-The diameter of the cutting tool also affects the cutting speed. The larger the tool diameter, the lower the cutting speed should usually be, because the area of contact between the tool and the workpiece increases, and more cutting heat is generated.
6. * * Adjust cutting speed * *:
-In actual machining, the cutting speed can be gradually adjusted based on experience and machining results. At the beginning, the median of the cutting speed range can be selected for trial cutting, and then fine tuned based on factors such as machining quality, tool wear, and machining efficiency.
7. * * Precautions * *:
-Avoid using excessively high cutting speeds to avoid problems such as rapid tool wear, decreased surface quality of the workpiece, or machine vibration.
-When adjusting the cutting speed, factors such as power, rigidity, and stability of the machine tool should also be considered to ensure stable operation of the machine tool.
8. Summary:
-Determining the appropriate cutting speed is a process that comprehensively considers multiple factors. In practical applications, flexible adjustments need to be made based on specific processing requirements, material characteristics, and machine tool conditions. Through continuous practice and summary of experience, the cutting speed that is most suitable for a specific machining task can be found.